diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 7f090b6748..f1dd595e3d 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -1976,8 +1976,11 @@ iseq_set_arguments_keywords(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const optargs,
     keyword->num = kw;
 
     if (RNODE_DVAR(args->kw_rest_arg)->nd_vid != 0) {
+        ID kw_id = iseq->body->local_table[arg_size];
         keyword->rest_start = arg_size++;
         body->param.flags.has_kwrest = TRUE;
+
+        if (kw_id == idPow) body->param.flags.anon_kwrest = TRUE;
     }
     keyword->required_num = rkw;
     keyword->table = &body->local_table[keyword->bits_start - keyword->num];
diff --git a/test/ruby/test_keyword.rb b/test/ruby/test_keyword.rb
index a856a46569..5d0262a449 100644
--- a/test/ruby/test_keyword.rb
+++ b/test/ruby/test_keyword.rb
@@ -182,6 +182,13 @@ class TestKeywordArguments < Test::Unit::TestCase
                   [:keyrest, :kw], [:block, :b]], method(:f9).parameters)
   end
 
+  def test_keyword_with_anonymous_keyword_splat
+    def self.a(b: 1, **) [b, **] end
+    kw = {b: 2, c: 3}
+    assert_equal([2, {c: 3}], a(**kw))
+    assert_equal({b: 2, c: 3}, kw)
+  end
+
   def test_keyword_splat_nil
     # cfunc call
     assert_equal(nil, p(**nil))
diff --git a/vm_args.c b/vm_args.c
index a9c391f273..ec5df37aab 100644
--- a/vm_args.c
+++ b/vm_args.c
@@ -504,6 +504,11 @@ ignore_keyword_hash_p(VALUE keyword_hash, const rb_iseq_t * const iseq, unsigned
     if (!RB_TYPE_P(keyword_hash, T_HASH)) {
         keyword_hash = rb_to_hash_type(keyword_hash);
     }
+    else if (UNLIKELY(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.flags.anon_kwrest)) {
+        if (!ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.flags.has_kw) {
+            *kw_flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
+        }
+    }
 
     if (!(*kw_flag & VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT) &&
         (ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.flags.has_kwrest ||
@@ -590,12 +595,6 @@ setup_parameters_complex(rb_execution_context_t * const ec, const rb_iseq_t * co
         }
     }
 
-    if (UNLIKELY(ISEQ_BODY(iseq)->param.flags.anon_kwrest)) {
-        if (kw_flag & VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT) {
-            kw_flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT_MUT;
-        }
-    }
-
     if (kw_flag & VM_CALL_KWARG) {
         args->kw_arg = vm_ci_kwarg(ci);
 
diff --git a/yjit/src/codegen.rs b/yjit/src/codegen.rs
index c150d48666..41a8cdebca 100644
--- a/yjit/src/codegen.rs
+++ b/yjit/src/codegen.rs
@@ -7510,7 +7510,7 @@ fn gen_iseq_kw_call(
         unsafe { get_cikw_keyword_len(ci_kwarg) }
     };
     let caller_keyword_len: usize = caller_keyword_len_i32.try_into().unwrap();
-    let anon_kwrest = unsafe { rb_get_iseq_flags_anon_kwrest(iseq) };
+    let anon_kwrest = unsafe { rb_get_iseq_flags_anon_kwrest(iseq) && !get_iseq_flags_has_kw(iseq) };
 
     // This struct represents the metadata about the callee-specified
     // keyword parameters.