ObjectSpace.dump_all: dump shapes as well

I see several arguments in doing so.

First they use a non trivial amount of memory, so for various memory
profiling/mapping tools it is relevant to have visibility of the space
occupied by shapes.

Then, some pathological code can create a tons of shape, so it is
valuable to have a way to have a way to observe shapes without having
to compile Ruby with `SHAPE_DEBUG=1`.

And additionally it's likely much faster to dump then this way than
to use `RubyVM::Shape`.

There are however a few open questions:

- Shapes can't respect the `since:` argument. Not sure what to do when
  it is provided. Would probably make sense to not dump them.
- Maybe it would make more sense to have a separate `ObjectSpace.dump_shapes`?
- Maybe instead `dump_all` should take a `shapes: false` argument?

Additionally, `ObjectSpace.dump_shapes` is added for the use case of
debugging the evolution of the shape tree.

common.mk

@@ -14217,6 +14217,7 @@ shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.c
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}shape.h
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}st.h
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}subst.h
+shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}symbol.h
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_$(THREAD_MODEL).h
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}thread_native.h
 shape.$(OBJEXT): {$(VPATH)}variable.h

ext/objspace/depend

@@ -556,6 +556,7 @@ objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/node.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/ruby_assert.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/ruby_atomic.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/shape.h
+objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/symbol.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/thread_pthread.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/vm_core.h
 objspace_dump.o: $(top_srcdir)/vm_opts.h

ext/objspace/lib/objspace.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ module ObjectSpace
   class << self
     private :_dump
     private :_dump_all
+    private :_dump_shapes
   end
 
   module_function
@@ -53,23 +54,38 @@ module ObjectSpace
   #
   #  Dump the contents of the ruby heap as JSON.
   #
+  #. _full__ must be a boolean. If true all heap slots are dumped including the empty ones (T_NONE).
+  #
   #  _since_ must be a non-negative integer or +nil+.
   #
   #  If _since_ is a positive integer, only objects of that generation and
   #  newer generations are dumped. The current generation can be accessed using
-  #  GC::count.
-  #
-  #  Objects that were allocated without object allocation tracing enabled
+  #  GC::count. Objects that were allocated without object allocation tracing enabled
   #  are ignored. See ::trace_object_allocations for more information and
   #  examples.
   #
   #  If _since_ is omitted or is +nil+, all objects are dumped.
   #
+  #  _shapes_ must be a boolean or a non-negative integer.
+  #
+  #  If _shapes_ is a positive integer, only shapes newer than the provided
+  #  shape id are dumped. The current shape_id can be accessed using +RubyVM.stat(:next_shape_id)+.
+  #
+  #  If _shapes_ is +false+, no shapes are dumped.
+  #
+  #  To only dump objects allocated past a certain point you can combine _since_ and _shapes_:
+  #    ObjectSpace.trace_object_allocations
+  #    GC.start
+  #    gc_generation = GC.count
+  #    shape_generation = RubyVM.stat(:next_shape_id)
+  #.   call_method_to_instrument
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_all(since: gc_generation, shapes: shape_generation)
+  #
   #  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
   #  This is an experimental method and is subject to change.
   #  In particular, the function signature and output format are
   #  not guaranteed to be compatible in future versions of ruby.
-  def dump_all(output: :file, full: false, since: nil)
+  def dump_all(output: :file, full: false, since: nil, shapes: true)
     out = case output
     when :file, nil
       require 'tempfile'
@@ -84,7 +100,46 @@ module ObjectSpace
       raise ArgumentError, "wrong output option: #{output.inspect}"
     end
 
-    ret = _dump_all(out, full, since)
+    shapes = 0 if shapes == true
+    ret = _dump_all(out, full, since, shapes)
+    return nil if output == :stdout
+    ret
+  end
+
+  #  call-seq:
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_shapes([output: :file]) # => #<File:/tmp/rubyshapes20131125-88469-laoj3v.json>
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output: :stdout) # => nil
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output: :string) # => "{...}\n{...}\n..."
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output:
+  #      File.open('shapes.json','w'))         # => #<File:shapes.json>
+  #    ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: :string,
+  #      since: 42)                          # => "{...}\n{...}\n..."
+  #
+  #  Dump the contents of the ruby shape tree as JSON.
+  #
+  #  If _shapes_ is a positive integer, only shapes newer than the provided
+  #  shape id are dumped. The current shape_id can be accessed using +RubyVM.stat(:next_shape_id)+.
+  #
+  #  This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
+  #  This is an experimental method and is subject to change.
+  #  In particular, the function signature and output format are
+  #  not guaranteed to be compatible in future versions of ruby.
+  def dump_shapes(output: :file, since: 0)
+    out = case output
+    when :file, nil
+      require 'tempfile'
+      Tempfile.create(%w(rubyshapes .json))
+    when :stdout
+      STDOUT
+    when :string
+      +''
+    when IO
+      output
+    else
+      raise ArgumentError, "wrong output option: #{output.inspect}"
+    end
+
+    ret = _dump_shapes(out, since)
     return nil if output == :stdout
     ret
   end

ext/objspace/objspace_dump.c

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 #include "internal/hash.h"
 #include "internal/string.h"
 #include "internal/sanitizers.h"
+#include "symbol.h"
+#include "shape.h"
 #include "node.h"
 #include "objspace.h"
 #include "ruby/debug.h"
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@ struct dump_config {
     unsigned int full_heap: 1;
     unsigned int partial_dump;
     size_t since;
+    size_t shapes_since;
     unsigned long buffer_len;
     char buffer[BUFFER_CAPACITY];
 };
@@ -350,6 +353,20 @@ dump_append_string_content(struct dump_config *dc, VALUE obj)
     }
 }
 
+static inline void
+dump_append_id(struct dump_config *dc, ID id)
+{
+    if (is_instance_id(id)) {
+        dump_append_string_value(dc, rb_sym2str(ID2SYM(id)));
+    }
+    else {
+        dump_append(dc, "\"ID_INTERNAL(");
+        dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_id_to_serial(id));
+        dump_append(dc, ")\"");
+    }
+}
+
+
 static void
 dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
 {
@@ -378,13 +395,16 @@ dump_object(VALUE obj, struct dump_config *dc)
     dump_append(dc, "{\"address\":");
     dump_append_ref(dc, obj);
 
-    dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_id\":");
-    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_get_shape_id(obj));
-
     dump_append(dc, ", \"type\":\"");
     dump_append(dc, obj_type(obj));
     dump_append(dc, "\"");
 
+    size_t shape_id = rb_shape_get_shape_id(obj);
+    if (shape_id) {
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_id\":");
+        dump_append_sizet(dc, shape_id);
+    }
+
     dump_append(dc, ", \"slot_size\":");
     dump_append_sizet(dc, dc->cur_page_slot_size);
 
@@ -622,7 +642,7 @@ root_obj_i(const char *category, VALUE obj, void *data)
 }
 
 static void
-dump_output(struct dump_config *dc, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since)
+dump_output(struct dump_config *dc, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
 {
 
     dc->full_heap = 0;
@@ -648,6 +668,8 @@ dump_output(struct dump_config *dc, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since)
     else {
         dc->partial_dump = 0;
     }
+
+    dc->shapes_since = RTEST(shapes) ? NUM2SIZET(shapes) : 0;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -672,18 +694,81 @@ objspace_dump(VALUE os, VALUE obj, VALUE output)
         dc.cur_page_slot_size = rb_gc_obj_slot_size(obj);
     }
 
-    dump_output(&dc, output, Qnil, Qnil);
+    dump_output(&dc, output, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
 
     dump_object(obj, &dc);
 
     return dump_result(&dc);
 }
 
+static void
+shape_i(rb_shape_t *shape, void *data)
+{
+    struct dump_config *dc = (struct dump_config *)data;
+
+    size_t shape_id = rb_shape_id(shape);
+    if (shape_id < dc->shapes_since) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dump_append(dc, "{\"address\":");
+    dump_append_ref(dc, (VALUE)shape);
+
+    dump_append(dc, ", \"type\":\"SHAPE\", \"id\":");
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, shape_id);
+
+    if (shape->type != SHAPE_ROOT) {
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"parent_id\":");
+        dump_append_lu(dc, shape->parent_id);
+    }
+
+    dump_append(dc, ", \"depth\":");
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_depth(shape));
+
+    dump_append(dc, ", \"shape_type\":");
+    switch(shape->type) {
+      case SHAPE_ROOT:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"ROOT\"");
+        break;
+      case SHAPE_IVAR:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"IVAR\"");
+
+        dump_append(dc, ",\"edge_name\":");
+        dump_append_id(dc, shape->edge_name);
+
+        break;
+      case SHAPE_FROZEN:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"FROZEN\"");
+        break;
+      case SHAPE_CAPACITY_CHANGE:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"CAPACITY_CHANGE\"");
+        dump_append(dc, ", \"capacity\":");
+        dump_append_sizet(dc, shape->capacity);
+        break;
+      case SHAPE_INITIAL_CAPACITY:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"INITIAL_CAPACITY\"");
+        break;
+      case SHAPE_T_OBJECT:
+        dump_append(dc, "\"T_OBJECT\"");
+        break;
+      default:
+        rb_bug("[objspace] unexpected shape type");
+    }
+
+    dump_append(dc, ", \"edges\":");
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_edges_count(shape));
+
+    dump_append(dc, ", \"memsize\":");
+    dump_append_sizet(dc, rb_shape_memsize(shape));
+
+    dump_append(dc, "}\n");
+}
+
 static VALUE
-objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since)
+objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since, VALUE shapes)
 {
     struct dump_config dc = {0,};
-    dump_output(&dc, output, full, since);
+    dump_output(&dc, output, full, since, shapes);
 
     if (!dc.partial_dump || dc.since == 0) {
         /* dump roots */
@@ -691,12 +776,28 @@ objspace_dump_all(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE full, VALUE since)
         if (dc.roots) dump_append(&dc, "]}\n");
     }
 
+    if (RTEST(shapes)) {
+        rb_shape_each_shape(shape_i, &dc);
+    }
+
     /* dump all objects */
     rb_objspace_each_objects(heap_i, &dc);
 
     return dump_result(&dc);
 }
 
+static VALUE
+objspace_dump_shapes(VALUE os, VALUE output, VALUE shapes)
+{
+    struct dump_config dc = {0,};
+    dump_output(&dc, output, Qfalse, Qnil, shapes);
+
+    if (RTEST(shapes)) {
+        rb_shape_each_shape(shape_i, &dc);
+    }
+    return dump_result(&dc);
+}
+
 void
 Init_objspace_dump(VALUE rb_mObjSpace)
 {
@@ -706,7 +807,8 @@ Init_objspace_dump(VALUE rb_mObjSpace)
 #endif
 
     rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump", objspace_dump, 2);
-    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump_all", objspace_dump_all, 3);
+    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump_all", objspace_dump_all, 4);
+    rb_define_module_function(rb_mObjSpace, "_dump_shapes", objspace_dump_shapes, 2);
 
     /* force create static IDs */
     rb_obj_gc_flags(rb_mObjSpace, 0, 0);

shape.c

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "vm_sync.h"
 #include "shape.h"
 #include "gc.h"
+#include "symbol.h"
+#include "id_table.h"
 #include "internal/class.h"
 #include "internal/symbol.h"
 #include "internal/variable.h"
@@ -37,6 +39,17 @@ rb_shape_root_shape_p(rb_shape_t* shape)
     return shape == rb_shape_get_root_shape();
 }
 
+void
+rb_shape_each_shape(each_shape_callback callback, void *data)
+{
+    rb_shape_t *cursor = rb_shape_get_root_shape();
+    rb_shape_t *end = rb_shape_get_shape_by_id(GET_VM()->next_shape_id);
+    while (cursor < end) {
+        callback(cursor, data);
+        cursor += 1;
+    }
+}
+
 rb_shape_t*
 rb_shape_get_shape_by_id(shape_id_t shape_id)
 {
@@ -97,10 +110,10 @@ rb_shape_get_shape_id(VALUE obj)
 #endif
 }
 
-unsigned int
+size_t
 rb_shape_depth(rb_shape_t * shape)
 {
-    unsigned int depth = 1;
+    size_t depth = 1;
 
     while (shape->parent_id != INVALID_SHAPE_ID) {
         depth++;
@@ -285,6 +298,7 @@ rb_shape_transition_shape_frozen(VALUE obj)
 rb_shape_t *
 rb_shape_get_next_iv_shape(rb_shape_t* shape, ID id)
 {
+    RUBY_ASSERT(!is_instance_id(id) || RTEST(rb_sym2str(ID2SYM(id))));
     return get_next_shape_internal(shape, id, SHAPE_IVAR);
 }
 
@@ -428,16 +442,45 @@ rb_shape_rebuild_shape(rb_shape_t * initial_shape, rb_shape_t * dest_shape)
     return midway_shape;
 }
 
+size_t
+rb_shape_edges_count(rb_shape_t *shape)
+{
+    if (shape->edges) {
+        return rb_id_table_size(shape->edges);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+size_t
+rb_shape_memsize(rb_shape_t *shape)
+{
+    size_t memsize = sizeof(rb_shape_t);
+    if (shape->edges) {
+        memsize += rb_id_table_memsize(shape->edges);
+    }
+    return memsize;
+}
+
 #if SHAPE_DEBUG
 VALUE rb_cShape;
 
+static size_t
+shape_memsize(const void *shape_ptr)
+{
+    return rb_shape_memsize((rb_shape_t *)shape_ptr);
+}
+
 /*
  * Exposing Shape to Ruby via RubyVM.debug_shape
  */
 static const rb_data_type_t shape_data_type = {
-    "Shape",
-    {NULL, NULL, NULL,},
-    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY|RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
+    .wrap_struct_name = "Shape",
+    .function = {
+        .dmark = NULL,
+        .dfree = NULL,
+        .dsize = shape_memsize,
+    },
+    .flags = RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY|RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
 };
 
 static VALUE
@@ -480,12 +523,10 @@ rb_shape_parent_id(VALUE self)
 static VALUE
 parse_key(ID key)
 {
-    if ((key & RUBY_ID_INTERNAL) == RUBY_ID_INTERNAL) {
-        return LONG2NUM(key);
-    }
-    else {
+    if (is_instance_id(key)) {
         return ID2SYM(key);
     }
+    return LONG2NUM(key);
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -527,17 +568,13 @@ rb_shape_edge_name(VALUE self)
     rb_shape_t* shape;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, rb_shape_t, &shape_data_type, shape);
 
-    if ((shape->edge_name & (ID_INTERNAL)) == ID_INTERNAL) {
-        return INT2NUM(shape->capacity);
-    }
-    else {
-        if (shape->edge_name) {
+    if (shape->edge_name) {
+        if (is_instance_id(shape->edge_name)) {
             return ID2SYM(shape->edge_name);
         }
-        else {
-            return Qnil;
-        }
+        return INT2NUM(shape->capacity);
     }
+    return Qnil;
 }
 
 static VALUE
@@ -563,13 +600,7 @@ rb_shape_export_depth(VALUE self)
 {
     rb_shape_t* shape;
     TypedData_Get_Struct(self, rb_shape_t, &shape_data_type, shape);
-
-    unsigned int depth = 0;
-    while (shape->parent_id != INVALID_SHAPE_ID) {
-        depth++;
-        shape = rb_shape_get_parent(shape);
-    }
-    return INT2NUM(depth);
+    return SIZET2NUM(rb_shape_depth(shape));
 }
 
 static VALUE

shape.h

@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ bool rb_shape_root_shape_p(rb_shape_t* shape);
 rb_shape_t * rb_shape_get_root_shape(void);
 uint8_t rb_shape_id_num_bits(void);
 int32_t rb_shape_id_offset(void);
-unsigned int rb_shape_depth(rb_shape_t * shape);
 
 rb_shape_t* rb_shape_get_shape_by_id_without_assertion(shape_id_t shape_id);
 rb_shape_t * rb_shape_get_parent(rb_shape_t * shape);
@@ -184,4 +183,12 @@ bool rb_shape_set_shape_id(VALUE obj, shape_id_t shape_id);
 VALUE rb_obj_debug_shape(VALUE self, VALUE obj);
 VALUE rb_shape_flags_mask(void);
 
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN
+typedef void each_shape_callback(rb_shape_t * shape, void *data);
+void rb_shape_each_shape(each_shape_callback callback, void *data);
+size_t rb_shape_memsize(rb_shape_t *shape);
+size_t rb_shape_edges_count(rb_shape_t *shape);
+size_t rb_shape_depth(rb_shape_t *shape);
+RUBY_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END
+
 #endif

test/objspace/test_objspace.rb

@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ class TestObjSpace < Test::Unit::TestCase
           @obj1 = Object.new
           GC.start
           @obj2 = Object.new
-          ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: :stdout, since: gc_gen)
+          ObjectSpace.dump_all(output: :stdout, since: gc_gen, shapes: false)
         end
 
         p dump_my_heap_please
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@ class TestObjSpace < Test::Unit::TestCase
       assert_equal 'nil', output.pop
       since = output.shift.to_i
       assert_operator output.size, :>, 0
-      generations = output.map { |l| JSON.parse(l)["generation"] }.uniq.sort
+      generations = output.map { |l| JSON.parse(l) }.map { |o| o["generation"] }.uniq.sort
       assert_equal [since, since + 1], generations
     end
   end
@@ -479,6 +479,7 @@ class TestObjSpace < Test::Unit::TestCase
       output.each { |l|
         obj = JSON.parse(l)
         next if obj["type"] == "ROOT"
+        next if obj["type"] == "SHAPE"
 
         assert_not_nil obj["slot_size"]
         assert_equal 0, obj["slot_size"] % GC::INTERNAL_CONSTANTS[:RVALUE_SIZE]
@@ -794,6 +795,16 @@ class TestObjSpace < Test::Unit::TestCase
     assert_equal name, JSON.parse(dump)["method"], dump
   end
 
+  def test_dump_shapes
+    json = ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output: :string)
+    json.each_line do |line|
+      assert_include(line, '"type":"SHAPE"')
+    end
+
+    assert_empty ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output: :string, since: RubyVM.stat(:next_shape_id))
+    assert_equal 2, ObjectSpace.dump_shapes(output: :string, since: RubyVM.stat(:next_shape_id) - 2).lines.size
+  end
+
   private
 
   def utf8_❨╯°□°❩╯︵┻━┻