diff --git a/compile.c b/compile.c
index 99e00b4e6a..170bb99776 100644
--- a/compile.c
+++ b/compile.c
@@ -3053,7 +3053,7 @@ compile_array_keyword_arg(rb_iseq_t *iseq, LINK_ANCHOR *const ret,
 
 	    assert(nd_type(node) == NODE_ARRAY);
 	    if (!key_node) {
-		if (flag) *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
+		if (flag && !root_node->nd_alen) *flag |= VM_CALL_KW_SPLAT;
 		return FALSE;
 	    }
 	    else if (nd_type(key_node) == NODE_LIT && RB_TYPE_P(key_node->nd_lit, T_SYMBOL)) {
diff --git a/node.c b/node.c
index f6d551a106..0222a19af1 100644
--- a/node.c
+++ b/node.c
@@ -545,9 +545,16 @@ dump_node(VALUE buf, VALUE indent, int comment, NODE *node)
 	break;
 
       case NODE_HASH:
-	ANN("hash constructor");
-	ANN("format: { [nd_head] }");
-	ANN("example: { 1 => 2, 3 => 4 }");
+	if (!node->nd_alen) {
+	    ANN("keyword arguments");
+	    ANN("format: nd_head");
+	    ANN("example: a: 1, b: 2");
+	}
+	else {
+	    ANN("hash constructor");
+	    ANN("format: { [nd_head] }");
+	    ANN("example: { 1 => 2, 3 => 4 }");
+	}
 	LAST_NODE;
 	F_NODE(nd_head, "contents");
 	break;
diff --git a/parse.y b/parse.y
index c12b80cc06..0fb5605345 100644
--- a/parse.y
+++ b/parse.y
@@ -2546,6 +2546,7 @@ primary		: literal
 		    {
 		    /*%%%*/
 			$$ = new_hash($2);
+			$$->nd_alen = TRUE;
 		    /*%
 			$$ = dispatch1(hash, escape_Qundef($2));
 		    %*/