qglobal.cpp: build under QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS

The boostrap library is built with exceptions disabled, and its
sources include qglobal.cpp. Therefore, the file must work when built
w/o exceptions.

Amend/partially revert 282b724808ea4524ed09b9f0183055fdffc3c38a with
the necessary fixes.

Driveby, cleanup an unnecessary QT_THROW (just throw, if we do have
exceptions).

Change-Id: I370c295c21edd3d81a9fa670e60909b29d1c68aa
Reviewed-by: Thiago Macieira <thiago.macieira@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexey Edelev <alexey.edelev@qt.io>
(cherry picked from commit 8f7873272ac9e5c5f1a83a5204afb512843cf8d8)
Reviewed-by: Qt Cherry-pick Bot <cherrypick_bot@qt-project.org>

src/corelib/global/qglobal.cpp

@@ -59,8 +59,10 @@
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <string>
-#include <exception>
+#include <exception> // For std::terminate
+#ifndef QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <new> // For std::bad_alloc
+#endif
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #if defined(Q_CC_MSVC)
@@ -3096,7 +3098,11 @@ void qt_check_pointer(const char *n, int l) noexcept
 */
 void qBadAlloc()
 {
-    QT_THROW(std::bad_alloc());
+#ifndef QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw std::bad_alloc();
+#else
+    std::terminate();
+#endif
 }
 
 /*