diff --git a/src/corelib/text/qlocale.cpp b/src/corelib/text/qlocale.cpp
index eff083b3d94..57c5d8fa1f2 100644
--- a/src/corelib/text/qlocale.cpp
+++ b/src/corelib/text/qlocale.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ QT_WARNING_DISABLE_GCC("-Wfree-nonheap-object") // false positive tracking
 #include "qcalendar.h"
 #include "qdatastream.h"
 #include "qdebug.h"
+#include "private/qduplicatetracker_p.h"
 #include "qhashfunctions.h"
 #include "qstring.h"
 #include "qlocale.h"
@@ -4884,7 +4885,7 @@ QStringList QLocale::uiLanguages(TagSeparator separator) const
         // first. (Known issue, QTBUG-104930, on some macOS versions when in
         // locale en_DE.) Our translation system might have a translation for a
         // locale the platform doesn't believe in.
-        const QString name = bcp47Name(separator);
+        const QString name = QString::fromLatin1(d->m_data->id().name(sep)); // Raw name
         if (!name.isEmpty() && language() != C && !uiLanguages.contains(name)) {
             // That uses contains(name) as a cheap pre-test, but there may be an
             // entry that matches this on purging likely subtags.
@@ -4902,6 +4903,7 @@ QStringList QLocale::uiLanguages(TagSeparator separator) const
     {
         localeIds.append(d->m_data->id());
     }
+
     for (qsizetype i = localeIds.size(); i-- > 0; ) {
         QLocaleId id = localeIds.at(i);
         if (id.language_id == C) {
@@ -4913,10 +4915,13 @@ QStringList QLocale::uiLanguages(TagSeparator separator) const
         }
         qsizetype j;
         QByteArray prior;
+        bool faithful = true; // prior == id.name(sep)
         if (isSystem && i < uiLanguages.size()) {
             // Adding likely-adjusted forms to system locale's list.
             // Name the locale is derived from:
             prior = uiLanguages.at(i).toLatin1();
+            // When we come to insert max, we do so before prior only if it matches prior.
+            faithful = prior == id.name(sep);
             // Insert just after the entry we're supplementing:
             j = i + 1;
         } else {
@@ -4932,22 +4937,51 @@ QStringList QLocale::uiLanguages(TagSeparator separator) const
         // Include minimal version (last) unless it's what our locale is derived from:
         if (auto name = min.name(sep); name != prior)
             uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
-        else if (!isSystem)
-            --j; // bcp47Name() matches min(): put more specific forms *before* it.
+        else if (faithful)
+            --j; // List entry matches min(): put more specific forms *before* it.
 
+        // Include various stripped-down versions when likely-equivalent and distinct:
         if (id.script_id) {
-            // Include scriptless version if likely-equivalent and distinct:
+            if (const ushort land = id.territory_id) {
+                // Keep script, omit territory:
+                id.territory_id = 0;
+                if (id != min && id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
+                    if (const QByteArray name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
+                        uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
+                }
+                id.territory_id = land;
+            }
+            // Omit script (keep territory if present):
             id.script_id = 0;
-            if (id != min && id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
-                if (auto name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
+            // Belongs before script-without-territory, even if it duplicates min:
+            if (id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
+                if (const QByteArray name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
                     uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
             }
+        } else {
+            id.script_id = max.script_id;
+            if (const ushort land = id.territory_id) {
+                // Supply script and omit territory:
+                id.territory_id = 0;
+                if (id != min && id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
+                    if (const QByteArray name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
+                        uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
+                }
+                id.territory_id = land;
+            }
+            // Supply script (keep territory, if present):
+            if (id != max && id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
+                if (const QByteArray name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
+                    uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
+            }
+            // Restore to clear:
+            id.script_id = 0;
         }
 
         if (!id.territory_id) {
+            // Supply territory, omit script:
             Q_ASSERT(!min.territory_id);
             Q_ASSERT(!id.script_id); // because we just cleared it.
-            // Include version with territory if it likely-equivalent and distinct:
             id.territory_id = max.territory_id;
             if (id != max && id.withLikelySubtagsAdded() == max) {
                 if (auto name = id.name(sep); name != prior)
@@ -4958,9 +4992,19 @@ QStringList QLocale::uiLanguages(TagSeparator separator) const
         // Include version with all likely sub-tags (first) if distinct from the rest:
         if (max != min && max != id) {
             if (auto name = max.name(sep); name != prior)
-                uiLanguages.insert(j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
+                uiLanguages.insert(faithful ? i : j, QString::fromLatin1(name));
         }
     }
+
+    // Second pass: deduplicate.
+    QDuplicateTracker<QString> known(uiLanguages.size());
+    for (qsizetype i = 0; i < uiLanguages.size();) {
+        if (known.hasSeen(uiLanguages.at(i)))
+            uiLanguages.remove(i);
+        else
+            ++i;
+    }
+
     return uiLanguages;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/auto/corelib/text/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp b/tests/auto/corelib/text/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
index dae96188591..e9c6188581b 100644
--- a/tests/auto/corelib/text/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
+++ b/tests/auto/corelib/text/qlocale/tst_qlocale.cpp
@@ -3689,12 +3689,10 @@ void tst_QLocale::uiLanguages_data()
     QTest::newRow("C") << QLocale::c() << QStringList{QString("C")};
 
     QTest::newRow("en_US")
-        << QLocale("en_US")
-        << QStringList{QString("en-Latn-US"), QString("en-US"), QString("en")};
-
+        << QLocale("en_US") << QStringList{u"en-Latn-US"_s, u"en-US"_s, u"en-Latn"_s, u"en"_s};
     QTest::newRow("en_Latn_US")
         << QLocale("en_Latn_US") // Specifying the default script makes no difference
-        << QStringList{QString("en-Latn-US"), QString("en-US"), QString("en")};
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-US"_s, u"en-US"_s, u"en-Latn"_s, u"en"_s};
 
     QTest::newRow("en_GB")
         << QLocale("en_GB")
@@ -3705,19 +3703,28 @@ void tst_QLocale::uiLanguages_data()
         << QStringList{QString("en-Dsrt-US"), QString("en-Dsrt")};
 
     QTest::newRow("ru_RU")
-        << QLocale("ru_RU")
-        << QStringList{QString("ru-Cyrl-RU"), QString("ru-RU"), QString("ru")};
+        << QLocale("ru_RU") << QStringList{u"ru-Cyrl-RU"_s, u"ru-RU"_s, u"ru-Cyrl"_s, u"ru"_s};
 
     QTest::newRow("zh_Hant")
         << QLocale("zh_Hant")
-        << QStringList{QString("zh-Hant-TW"), QString("zh-TW")};
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hant-TW"_s, u"zh-TW"_s, u"zh-Hant"_s};
     QTest::newRow("zh_TW")
         << QLocale("zh_TW")
-        << QStringList{u"zh-Hant-TW"_s, u"zh-TW"_s};
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hant-TW"_s, u"zh-TW"_s, u"zh-Hant"_s};
 
     QTest::newRow("zh_Hans_CN")
         << QLocale(QLocale::Chinese, QLocale::SimplifiedHanScript, QLocale::China)
-        << QStringList{QString("zh-Hans-CN"), QString("zh-CN"), QString("zh")};
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hans-CN"_s, u"zh-CN"_s, u"zh-Hans"_s, u"zh"_s};
+
+    QTest::newRow("pa_IN")
+        << QLocale("pa_IN") << QStringList{u"pa-Guru-IN"_s, u"pa-IN"_s, u"pa-Guru"_s, u"pa"_s};
+    QTest::newRow("pa_PK")
+        << QLocale("pa_PK") << QStringList{u"pa-Arab-PK"_s, u"pa-PK"_s, u"pa-Arab"_s};
+    // GB has no native Punjabi locales, so is eliminated by likely subtag rules:
+    QTest::newRow("pa_GB")
+        << QLocale("pa_GB") << QStringList{u"pa-Guru-IN"_s, u"pa-IN"_s, u"pa-Guru"_s, u"pa"_s};
+    QTest::newRow("pa_Arab_GB")
+        << QLocale("pa_Arab_GB") << QStringList{u"pa-Arab-PK"_s, u"pa-PK"_s, u"pa-Arab"_s};
 
     // We presently map und (or any other unrecognized language) to C, ignoring
     // what a sub-tag lookup would surely find us.
@@ -4081,8 +4088,28 @@ public:
     {
         switch (type) {
         case UILanguages:
+            if (m_name == u"en-Latn")
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-NO"_s});
             if (m_name == u"en-DE") // QTBUG-104930: simulate macOS's list not including m_name.
                 return QVariant(QStringList{QStringLiteral("en-GB"), QStringLiteral("de-DE")});
+            if (m_name == u"en-Dsrt-GB")
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-Dsrt-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s});
+            if (m_name == u"en-FO") { // Nominally Faroe Islands, used for en-mixed test
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-DK"_s, u"en-GB"_s, u"fo-FO"_s,
+                                            u"da-FO"_s, u"da-DK"_s});
+            }
+            if (m_name == u"en-NL") // Anglophone in Netherlands:
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-NL"_s, u"nl-NL"_s});
+            if (m_name == u"en-NL-GB") // Netherlander at work for a GB-ish employer:
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-NL"_s, u"nl-NL"_s, u"en-GB"_s});
+            if (m_name == u"de-CA") { // Imagine a 2nd generation Canadian of de-AT ancestry ...
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"en-CA"_s, u"fr-CA"_s, u"de-AT"_s,
+                                            u"en-GB"_s, u"fr-FR"_s});
+            }
+            if (m_name == u"no") // QTBUG-131127
+                return QVariant(QStringList{u"no"_s, u"en-US"_s, u"nb"_s});
+            if (m_name == u"no-US") // Empty query result:
+                return QVariant(QStringList{});
             return QVariant(QStringList{m_name});
         case LanguageId:
             return m_id.language_id;
@@ -4115,40 +4142,65 @@ void tst_QLocale::mySystemLocale_data()
     QTest::addColumn<QLocale::Language>("language");
     QTest::addColumn<QStringList>("uiLanguages");
 
+    QTest::addRow("empty")
+        << u"no-US"_s << QLocale::NorwegianBokmal
+        << QStringList{u"nb-Latn-US"_s, u"nb-US"_s,
+                       u"nb-Latn-NO"_s, u"nb-NO"_s, u"nb-Latn"_s, u"nb"_s};
+    QTest::addRow("no") // QTBUG-131127
+        << u"no"_s << QLocale::NorwegianBokmal
+        << QStringList{u"no"_s, u"nb-Latn-NO"_s, u"nb-NO"_s, u"nb-Latn"_s, u"nb"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-US"_s, u"en-US"_s, u"en-Latn"_s, u"en"_s };
+    QTest::addRow("en-Latn") // Android crash
+        << u"en-Latn"_s << QLocale::English
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-US"_s, u"en-Latn"_s, u"en-US"_s, u"en"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-NO"_s, u"en-NO"_s};
+
+    QTest::addRow("anglo-dutch") // QTBUG-131894
+        << u"en-NL"_s << QLocale::English
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-NL"_s, u"en-NL"_s,
+                       u"nl-Latn-NL"_s, u"nl-NL"_s, u"nl-Latn"_s, u"nl"_s};
+    QTest::addRow("anglo-dutch-GB")
+        << u"en-NL-GB"_s << QLocale::English
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-NL"_s, u"en-NL"_s,
+                       u"nl-Latn-NL"_s, u"nl-NL"_s, u"nl-Latn"_s, u"nl"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s};
+
     QTest::addRow("catalan")
         << QString("ca") << QLocale::Catalan
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("ca"), QStringLiteral("ca-Latn-ES"), QStringLiteral("ca-ES")};
+        << QStringList{u"ca-Latn-ES"_s, u"ca-ES"_s, u"ca-Latn"_s, u"ca"_s};
     QTest::addRow("catalan-spain")
-        << QString("ca-ES") << QLocale::Catalan
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("ca-ES"), QStringLiteral("ca-Latn-ES"), QStringLiteral("ca")};
+        << u"ca-ES"_s << QLocale::Catalan
+        << QStringList{u"ca-Latn-ES"_s, u"ca-ES"_s, u"ca-Latn"_s, u"ca"_s};
     QTest::addRow("catalan-latin")
         << QString("ca-Latn") << QLocale::Catalan
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("ca-Latn"), QStringLiteral("ca-Latn-ES"),
+        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("ca-Latn-ES"), QStringLiteral("ca-Latn"),
                        QStringLiteral("ca-ES"), QStringLiteral("ca")};
     QTest::addRow("ukrainian")
         << QString("uk") << QLocale::Ukrainian
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("uk"), QStringLiteral("uk-Cyrl-UA"), QStringLiteral("uk-UA")};
+        << QStringList{u"uk-Cyrl-UA"_s, u"uk-UA"_s, u"uk-Cyrl"_s, u"uk"_s};
     QTest::addRow("english-germany")
         << QString("en-DE") << QLocale::English
         // First two were missed out before fix to QTBUG-104930:
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("en-DE"), QStringLiteral("en-Latn-DE"),
-                       QStringLiteral("en-GB"), QStringLiteral("en-Latn-GB"),
-                       QStringLiteral("de-DE"), QStringLiteral("de-Latn-DE"), QStringLiteral("de")};
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-DE"_s, u"en-DE"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s,
+                       u"de-Latn-DE"_s, u"de-DE"_s, u"de-Latn"_s, u"de"_s};
+
     QTest::addRow("german")
         << QString("de") << QLocale::German
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("de"), QStringLiteral("de-Latn-DE"), QStringLiteral("de-DE")};
+        << QStringList{u"de-Latn-DE"_s, u"de-DE"_s, u"de-Latn"_s, u"de"_s};
     QTest::addRow("german-britain")
         << QString("de-GB") << QLocale::German
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("de-GB"), QStringLiteral("de-Latn-GB")};
+        << QStringList{u"de-Latn-GB"_s, u"de-GB"_s};
     QTest::addRow("chinese-min")
         << QString("zh") << QLocale::Chinese
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("zh"), QStringLiteral("zh-Hans-CN"), QStringLiteral("zh-CN")};
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hans-CN"_s, u"zh-CN"_s, u"zh-Hans"_s, u"zh"_s};
     QTest::addRow("chinese-full")
-        << QString("zh-Hans-CN") << QLocale::Chinese
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("zh-Hans-CN"), QStringLiteral("zh-CN"), QStringLiteral("zh")};
+        << u"zh-Hans-CN"_s << QLocale::Chinese
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hans-CN"_s, u"zh-CN"_s, u"zh-Hans"_s, u"zh"_s};
     QTest::addRow("chinese-taiwan")
         << u"zh-TW"_s << QLocale::Chinese
-        << QStringList{u"zh-TW"_s, u"zh-Hant-TW"_s};
+        // Not ideal: want zh-TW before zh-Hant, but zh-TW is minimal so last
+        << QStringList{u"zh-Hant-TW"_s, u"zh-Hant"_s, u"zh-TW"_s};
 
     // For C, it should preserve what the system gave us but only add "C", never anything more:
     QTest::addRow("C") << QString("C") << QLocale::C << QStringList{QStringLiteral("C")};
@@ -4168,8 +4220,24 @@ void tst_QLocale::mySystemLocale_data()
         << QString("C-CN") << QLocale::C
         << QStringList{QStringLiteral("C-CN"), QStringLiteral("C")};
     QTest::addRow("C-Hans-CN")
-        << QString("C-Hans-CN") << QLocale::C
-        << QStringList{QStringLiteral("C-Hans-CN"), QStringLiteral("C")};
+        << u"C-Hans-CN"_s << QLocale::C << QStringList{u"C-Hans-CN"_s, u"C"_s};
+
+    QTest::newRow("en-Dsrt-GB")
+        << u"en-Dsrt-GB"_s << QLocale::English
+        << QStringList{u"en-Dsrt-GB"_s, u"en-Latn-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s};
+    QTest::newRow("en-mixed")
+        << u"en-FO"_s << QLocale::English
+        << QStringList{u"en-Latn-FO"_s, u"en-FO"_s, u"en-Latn-DK"_s, u"en-DK"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s,
+                       u"fo-Latn-FO"_s, u"fo-FO"_s, u"fo-Latn"_s, u"fo"_s,
+                       u"da-Latn-FO"_s, u"da-FO"_s,
+                       u"da-Latn-DK"_s, u"da-DK"_s, u"da-Latn"_s, u"da"_s};
+    QTest::newRow("polylingual-CA")
+        << u"de-CA"_s << QLocale::German
+        << QStringList{u"de-Latn-CA"_s, u"de-CA"_s, u"en-Latn-CA"_s, u"en-CA"_s,
+                       u"fr-Latn-CA"_s, u"fr-CA"_s, u"de-Latn-AT"_s, u"de-AT"_s,
+                       u"en-Latn-GB"_s, u"en-GB"_s,
+                       u"fr-Latn-FR"_s, u"fr-FR"_s, u"fr-Latn"_s, u"fr"_s};
 
     QTest::newRow("und-US")
         << QString("und-US") << QLocale::C