module: write compile cache to temporary file and then rename it

This works better in terms of avoiding race conditions.

PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/54971
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/54770
Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/54465
Reviewed-By: Yagiz Nizipli <yagiz@nizipli.com>
Reviewed-By: Matteo Collina <matteo.collina@gmail.com>

src/compile_cache.cc

@@ -219,6 +219,8 @@ CompileCacheEntry* CompileCacheHandler::GetOrInsert(
     return loaded->second.get();
   }
 
+  // If the code hash mismatches, the code has changed, discard the stale entry
+  // and create a new one.
   auto emplaced =
       compiler_cache_store_.emplace(key, std::make_unique<CompileCacheEntry>());
   auto* result = emplaced.first->second.get();
@@ -287,23 +289,26 @@ void CompileCacheHandler::MaybeSave(CompileCacheEntry* entry,
   MaybeSaveImpl(entry, func, rejected);
 }
 
-// Layout of a cache file:
-// [uint32_t] magic number
-// [uint32_t] code size
-// [uint32_t] code hash
-// [uint32_t] cache size
-// [uint32_t] cache hash
-// .... compile cache content ....
+/**
+ * Persist the compile cache accumulated in memory to disk.
+ *
+ * To avoid race conditions, the cache file includes hashes of the original
+ * source code and the cache content. It's first written to a temporary file
+ * before being renamed to the target name.
+ *
+ * Layout of a cache file:
+ *   [uint32_t] magic number
+ *   [uint32_t] code size
+ *   [uint32_t] code hash
+ *   [uint32_t] cache size
+ *   [uint32_t] cache hash
+ *   .... compile cache content ....
+ */
 void CompileCacheHandler::Persist() {
   DCHECK(!compile_cache_dir_.empty());
 
-  // NOTE(joyeecheung): in most circumstances the code caching reading
-  // writing logic is lenient enough that it's fine even if someone
-  // overwrites the cache (that leads to either size or hash mismatch
-  // in subsequent loads and the overwritten cache will be ignored).
-  // Also in most use cases users should not change the files on disk
-  // too rapidly. Therefore locking is not currently implemented to
-  // avoid the cost.
+  // TODO(joyeecheung): do this using a separate event loop to utilize the
+  // libuv thread pool and do the file system operations concurrently.
   for (auto& pair : compiler_cache_store_) {
     auto* entry = pair.second.get();
     if (entry->cache == nullptr) {
@@ -316,6 +321,11 @@ void CompileCacheHandler::Persist() {
             entry->source_filename);
       continue;
     }
+    if (entry->persisted == true) {
+      Debug("[compile cache] skip %s because cache was already persisted\n",
+            entry->source_filename);
+      continue;
+    }
 
     DCHECK_EQ(entry->cache->buffer_policy,
               v8::ScriptCompiler::CachedData::BufferOwned);
@@ -332,27 +342,94 @@ void CompileCacheHandler::Persist() {
     headers[kCodeHashOffset] = entry->code_hash;
     headers[kCacheHashOffset] = cache_hash;
 
-    Debug("[compile cache] writing cache for %s in %s [%d %d %d %d %d]...",
+    // Generate the temporary filename.
+    // The temporary file should be placed in a location like:
+    //
+    // $NODE_COMPILE_CACHE_DIR/v23.0.0-pre-arm64-5fad6d45-501/e7f8ef7f.cache.tcqrsK
+    //
+    // 1. $NODE_COMPILE_CACHE_DIR either comes from the $NODE_COMPILE_CACHE
+    // environment
+    //    variable or `module.enableCompileCache()`.
+    // 2. v23.0.0-pre-arm64-5fad6d45-501 is the sub cache directory and
+    //    e7f8ef7f is the hash for the cache (see
+    //    CompileCacheHandler::Enable()),
+    // 3. tcqrsK is generated by uv_fs_mkstemp() as a temporary indentifier.
+    uv_fs_t mkstemp_req;
+    auto cleanup_mkstemp =
+        OnScopeLeave([&mkstemp_req]() { uv_fs_req_cleanup(&mkstemp_req); });
+    std::string cache_filename_tmp = entry->cache_filename + ".XXXXXX";
+    Debug("[compile cache] Creating temporary file for cache of %s...",
+          entry->source_filename);
+    int err = uv_fs_mkstemp(
+        nullptr, &mkstemp_req, cache_filename_tmp.c_str(), nullptr);
+    if (err < 0) {
+      Debug("failed. %s\n", uv_strerror(err));
+      continue;
+    }
+    Debug(" -> %s\n", mkstemp_req.path);
+    Debug("[compile cache] writing cache for %s to temporary file %s [%d %d %d "
+          "%d %d]...",
           entry->source_filename,
-          entry->cache_filename,
+          mkstemp_req.path,
           headers[kMagicNumberOffset],
           headers[kCodeSizeOffset],
           headers[kCacheSizeOffset],
           headers[kCodeHashOffset],
           headers[kCacheHashOffset]);
 
+    // Write to the temporary file.
     uv_buf_t headers_buf = uv_buf_init(reinterpret_cast<char*>(headers.data()),
                                        headers.size() * sizeof(uint32_t));
     uv_buf_t data_buf = uv_buf_init(cache_ptr, entry->cache->length);
     uv_buf_t bufs[] = {headers_buf, data_buf};
 
-    int err = WriteFileSync(entry->cache_filename.c_str(), bufs, 2);
+    uv_fs_t write_req;
+    auto cleanup_write =
+        OnScopeLeave([&write_req]() { uv_fs_req_cleanup(&write_req); });
+    err = uv_fs_write(
+        nullptr, &write_req, mkstemp_req.result, bufs, 2, 0, nullptr);
     if (err < 0) {
       Debug("failed: %s\n", uv_strerror(err));
-    } else {
-      Debug("success\n");
+      continue;
     }
+
+    uv_fs_t close_req;
+    auto cleanup_close =
+        OnScopeLeave([&close_req]() { uv_fs_req_cleanup(&close_req); });
+    err = uv_fs_close(nullptr, &close_req, mkstemp_req.result, nullptr);
+
+    if (err < 0) {
+      Debug("failed: %s\n", uv_strerror(err));
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    Debug("success\n");
+
+    // Rename the temporary file to the actual cache file.
+    uv_fs_t rename_req;
+    auto cleanup_rename =
+        OnScopeLeave([&rename_req]() { uv_fs_req_cleanup(&rename_req); });
+    std::string cache_filename_final = entry->cache_filename;
+    Debug("[compile cache] Renaming %s to %s...",
+          mkstemp_req.path,
+          cache_filename_final);
+    err = uv_fs_rename(nullptr,
+                       &rename_req,
+                       mkstemp_req.path,
+                       cache_filename_final.c_str(),
+                       nullptr);
+    if (err < 0) {
+      Debug("failed: %s\n", uv_strerror(err));
+      continue;
+    }
+    Debug("success\n");
+    entry->persisted = true;
   }
+
+  // Clear the map at the end in one go instead of during the iteration to
+  // avoid rehashing costs.
+  Debug("[compile cache] Clear deserialized cache.\n");
+  compiler_cache_store_.clear();
 }
 
 CompileCacheHandler::CompileCacheHandler(Environment* env)

src/compile_cache.h

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ struct CompileCacheEntry {
   std::string source_filename;
   CachedCodeType type;
   bool refreshed = false;
+  bool persisted = false;
+
   // Copy the cache into a new store for V8 to consume. Caller takes
   // ownership.
   v8::ScriptCompiler::CachedData* CopyCache() const;

src/env.cc

@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ CompileCacheEnableResult Environment::EnableCompileCache(
       compile_cache_handler_ = std::move(handler);
       AtExit(
           [](void* env) {
-            static_cast<Environment*>(env)->compile_cache_handler()->Persist();
+            static_cast<Environment*>(env)->FlushCompileCache();
           },
           this);
     }
@@ -1160,6 +1160,13 @@ CompileCacheEnableResult Environment::EnableCompileCache(
   return result;
 }
 
+void Environment::FlushCompileCache() {
+  if (!compile_cache_handler_ || compile_cache_handler_->cache_dir().empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  compile_cache_handler_->Persist();
+}
+
 void Environment::ExitEnv(StopFlags::Flags flags) {
   // Should not access non-thread-safe methods here.
   set_stopping(true);

src/env.h

@@ -1041,6 +1041,7 @@ class Environment final : public MemoryRetainer {
   // Enable built-in compile cache if it has not yet been enabled.
   // The cache will be persisted to disk on exit.
   CompileCacheEnableResult EnableCompileCache(const std::string& cache_dir);
+  void FlushCompileCache();
 
   void RunAndClearNativeImmediates(bool only_refed = false);
   void RunAndClearInterrupts();