streams2: Make Transform streams pull-style

That is, the transform is triggered by a _read, not by a _write.

This way, backpressure works properly.

lib/_stream_readable.js

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ Readable.prototype.read = function(n) {
       // probably kick off another stream.read(), which can trigger
       // another _read(n,cb) before this one returns!
       if (state.length < state.lowWaterMark) {
+        state.reading = true;
         this._read(state.bufferSize, onread.bind(this));
         return;
       }

lib/_stream_transform.js

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 // OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
 // USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
+
 // a transform stream is a readable/writable stream where you do
 // something with the data.  Sometimes it's called a "filter",
 // but that's not a great name for it, since that implies a thing where
@@ -29,6 +30,39 @@
 // necessarily symmetric or synchronous transformation.  For example,
 // a zlib stream might take multiple plain-text writes(), and then
 // emit a single compressed chunk some time in the future.
+//
+// Here's how this works:
+//
+// The Transform stream has all the aspects of the readable and writable
+// stream classes.  When you write(chunk), that calls _write(chunk,cb)
+// internally, and returns false if there's a lot of pending writes
+// buffered up.  When you call read(), that calls _read(n,cb) until
+// there's enough pending readable data buffered up.
+//
+// In a transform stream, the written data is placed in a buffer.  When
+// _read(n,cb) is called, it transforms the queued up data, calling the
+// buffered _write cb's as it consumes chunks.  If consuming a single
+// written chunk would result in multiple output chunks, then the first
+// outputted bit calls the readcb, and subsequent chunks just go into
+// the read buffer, and will cause it to emit 'readable' if necessary.
+//
+// This way, back-pressure is actually determined by the reading side,
+// since _read has to be called to start processing a new chunk.  However,
+// a pathological inflate type of transform can cause excessive buffering
+// here.  For example, imagine a stream where every byte of input is
+// interpreted as an integer from 0-255, and then results in that many
+// bytes of output.  Writing the 4 bytes {ff,ff,ff,ff} would result in
+// 1kb of data being output.  In this case, you could write a very small
+// amount of input, and end up with a very large amount of output.  In
+// such a pathological inflating mechanism, there'd be no way to tell
+// the system to stop doing the transform.  A single 4MB write could
+// cause the system to run out of memory.
+//
+// However, even in such a pathological case, only a single written chunk
+// would be consumed, and then the rest would wait (un-transformed) until
+// the results of the previous transformed chunk were consumed.  Because
+// the transform happens on-demand, it will only transform as much as is
+// necessary to fill the readable buffer to the specified lowWaterMark.
 
 module.exports = Transform;
 
@@ -36,12 +70,21 @@ var Duplex = require('_stream_duplex');
 var util = require('util');
 util.inherits(Transform, Duplex);
 
+function TransformState() {
+  this.buffer = [];
+  this.transforming = false;
+  this.pendingReadCb = null;
+}
+
 function Transform(options) {
   Duplex.call(this, options);
 
   // bind output so that it can be passed around as a regular function.
   this._output = this._output.bind(this);
 
+  // the queue of _write chunks that are pending being transformed
+  this._transformState = new TransformState();
+
   // when the writable side finishes, then flush out anything remaining.
   this.once('finish', function() {
     if ('function' === typeof this._flush)
@@ -65,33 +108,65 @@ Transform.prototype._transform = function(chunk, output, cb) {
   throw new Error('not implemented');
 };
 
-
 Transform.prototype._write = function(chunk, cb) {
-  this._transform(chunk, this._output, cb);
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  ts.buffer.push([chunk, cb]);
+
+  // now we have something to transform, if we were waiting for it.
+  if (ts.pendingReadCb && !ts.transforming) {
+    var readcb = ts.pendingReadCb;
+    ts.pendingReadCb = null;
+    this._read(-1, readcb);
+  }
 };
 
-Transform.prototype._read = function(n, cb) {
+Transform.prototype._read = function(n, readcb) {
   var ws = this._writableState;
   var rs = this._readableState;
+  var ts = this._transformState;
 
-  // basically a no-op, since the _transform will fill the
-  // _readableState.buffer and emit 'readable' for us, and set ended
-  // Usually, we want to just not call the cb, and set the reading
-  // flag to false, so that another _read will happen next time,
-  // but no state changes.
-  rs.reading = false;
+  if (ts.pendingReadCb)
+    throw new Error('_read while _read already in progress');
 
-  // however, if the writable side has ended, and its buffer is clear,
-  // then that means that the input has all been consumed, and no more
-  // will ever be provide.  treat this as an EOF, and pass back 0 bytes.
-  if ((ws.ended || ws.ending) && ws.length === 0)
-    cb();
+  ts.pendingReadCb = readcb;
+
+  // if there's nothing pending, then we just wait.
+  // if we're already transforming, then also just hold on a sec.
+  // we've already stashed the readcb, so we can come back later
+  // when we have something to transform
+  if (ts.buffer.length === 0 || ts.transforming)
+    return;
+
+  // go ahead and transform that thing, now that someone wants it
+  var req = ts.buffer.shift();
+  var chunk = req[0];
+  var writecb = req[1];
+  var output = this._output;
+  ts.transforming = true;
+  this._transform(chunk, output, function(er, data) {
+    ts.transforming = false;
+    if (data)
+      output(data);
+    writecb(er);
+  }.bind(this));
 };
 
 Transform.prototype._output = function(chunk) {
   if (!chunk || !chunk.length)
     return;
 
+  // if we've got a pending readcb, then just call that,
+  // and let Readable take care of it.  If not, then we fill
+  // the readable buffer ourselves, and emit whatever's needed.
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+  var readcb = ts.pendingReadCb;
+  if (readcb) {
+    ts.pendingReadCb = null;
+    readcb(null, chunk);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // otherwise, it's up to us to fill the rs buffer.
   var state = this._readableState;
   var len = state.length;
   state.buffer.push(chunk);
@@ -110,6 +185,18 @@ function done(er) {
   // that nothing more will ever be provided
   var ws = this._writableState;
   var rs = this._readableState;
+  var ts = this._transformState;
+
+  if (ws.length)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when ws.length != 0');
+
+  if (ts.transforming)
+    throw new Error('calling transform done when still transforming');
+
+  // if we were waiting on a read, let them know that it isn't coming.
+  var readcb = ts.pendingReadCb;
+  if (readcb)
+    return readcb();
 
   rs.ended = true;
   // we may have gotten a 'null' read before, and since there is
@@ -117,7 +204,6 @@ function done(er) {
   // now so that the consumer knows to pick up the tail bits.
   if (rs.length && rs.needReadable)
     this.emit('readable');
-  else if (rs.length === 0) {
+  else if (rs.length === 0)
     this.emit('end');
-  }
 }