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|
|
@ -148,7 +148,8 @@ version see the relevant distribution.
|
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|
|
* Function Index:: SQL command, type and function index
|
|
|
|
|
* Concept Index:: Concept Index
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
@detailmenu --- The Detailed Node Listing ---
|
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|
@detailmenu
|
|
|
|
|
--- The Detailed Node Listing ---
|
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|
|
General Information About MySQL
|
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|
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|
@ -482,6 +483,15 @@ MyISAM table formats
|
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|
|
* Dynamic format:: Dynamic table characteristics
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|
* Compressed format:: Compressed table characteristics
|
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|
BDB or Berkeley_db tables
|
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* BDB overview::
|
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|
|
|
* BDB install::
|
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|
|
* BDB start::
|
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|
|
* BDB characteristic::
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|
|
* BDB TODO::
|
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|
* BDB errors::
|
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|
MySQL Tutorial
|
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|
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|
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|
|
* Connecting-disconnecting:: Connecting to and disconnecting from the server
|
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|
|
@ -806,6 +816,11 @@ MySQL internals
|
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|
|
* MySQL threads:: MySQL threads
|
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|
|
* MySQL full-text search:: MySQL full-text search
|
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|
|
Credits
|
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|
|
* developers::
|
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|
* Contributors::
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|
|
MySQL change history
|
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|
* News-3.23.x:: Changes in release 3.23.x (Recommended; beta)
|
|
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|
@ -1287,7 +1302,7 @@ mysql> SELECT author_name FROM biblio_db.author_list;
|
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|
|
@end example
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SQL statements may be written in uppercase or lowercase. When this manual
|
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|
|
|
shows an SQL statement, uppercase is used for particular keywords if those
|
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|
|
shows a SQL statement, uppercase is used for particular keywords if those
|
|
|
|
|
keywords are under discussion (to emphasize them) and lowercase is used for
|
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|
|
the rest of the statement. For example, you might see the following in a
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|
|
discussion of the @code{SELECT} statement:
|
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|
|
@ -1975,6 +1990,8 @@ Apart from the following links, you can find and download a lot of
|
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|
|
@item @uref{http://www.4t2.com/mysql. German MySQL maling list}
|
|
|
|
|
Information about the German MySQL mailing list.
|
|
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|
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|
|
@item @uref{http://www.bitmover.com:8888//home/bk/mysql, MySQL bitkeeper repository}
|
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|
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|
|
@item @uref{http://www.analysisandsolutions.com/code/mybasic.htm}@*
|
|
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|
|
Beginners @strong{MySQL} Tutorial on how to install and set up
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} on a Windows machine.
|
|
|
|
@ -2409,7 +2426,7 @@ A Contact Database using @strong{MySQL} and PHP.
|
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|
|
Web based interface and Community Calender with PHP.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.odbsoft.com/cook/sources.htm}@*
|
|
|
|
|
Perl package to generate html from an SQL table structure and for generating
|
|
|
|
|
Perl package to generate html from a SQL table structure and for generating
|
|
|
|
|
SQL statements from an html form.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.gusnet.cx/proj/telsql/}@*
|
|
|
|
@ -9113,7 +9130,9 @@ Log updates to @code{file.#} where @code{#} is a unique number if not given.
|
|
|
|
|
@xref{Update log}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --log-long-format
|
|
|
|
|
Log some extra information to update log.
|
|
|
|
|
Log some extra information to update log. If you are using
|
|
|
|
|
@code{--log-slow-queries} then queries that are not using indexes are logged
|
|
|
|
|
to the slow query log.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item --low-priority-updates
|
|
|
|
|
Table-modifying operations (@code{INSERT}/@code{DELETE}/@code{UPDATE})
|
|
|
|
@ -10413,7 +10432,7 @@ In @strong{MySQL} Version 3.23 you can, however, use:
|
|
|
|
|
The following discussion only concerns you if you are running a @strong{MySQL}
|
|
|
|
|
version earlier than Version 3.23:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you have an SQL program in a text file that contains @samp{--} comments
|
|
|
|
|
If you have a SQL program in a text file that contains @samp{--} comments
|
|
|
|
|
you should use:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
|
|
@ -14539,7 +14558,7 @@ statement, @strong{MySQL} reports the table structure using the equivalent
|
|
|
|
|
@node Functions, CREATE DATABASE, Column types, Reference
|
|
|
|
|
@section Functions for Use in @code{SELECT} and @code{WHERE} Clauses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A @code{select_expression} or @code{where_definition} in an SQL statement
|
|
|
|
|
A @code{select_expression} or @code{where_definition} in a SQL statement
|
|
|
|
|
can consist of any expression using the functions described below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An expression that contains @code{NULL} always produces a @code{NULL} value
|
|
|
|
@ -19763,6 +19782,7 @@ The status variables listed above have the following meaning:
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Connections} @tab Number of connection attempts to the @strong{MySQL} server.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Created_tmp_disk_tables} @tab Number of implicit temporary tables on disk that have been created while executing statements.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Created_tmp_tables} @tab Number of implicit temporary tables in memory that have been created while executing statements.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Created_tmp_files} @tab How many temporary files @code{mysqld} have created.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Delayed_insert_threads} @tab Number of delayed insert handler threads in use.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Delayed_writes} @tab Number of rows written with @code{INSERT DELAYED}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Delayed_errors} @tab Number of rows written with @code{INSERT DELAYED} for which some error occurred (probably @code{duplicate key}).
|
|
|
|
@ -19804,6 +19824,7 @@ have..
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Questions} @tab Number of queries sent to the server.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Slow_launch_threads} @tab Number of threads that have taken more than @code{slow_launch_time} to connect.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Slow_queries} @tab Number of queries that has taken more than @code{long_query_time}. @xref{Slow query log}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Sort_merge_passes} @tab Number of merges the sort has to do. If this value is large you should consider increasing @code{sort_buffer}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Sort_range} @tab Number of sorts that where done with ranges.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Sort_rows} @tab Number of sorted rows.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{Sort_scan} @tab Number of sorts that where done by scanning the table.
|
|
|
|
@ -19824,9 +19845,16 @@ If @code{key_reads} is big, then your @code{key_cache} is probably too
|
|
|
|
|
small. The cache hit rate can be calculated with
|
|
|
|
|
@code{key_reads}/@code{key_read_requests}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
If @code{Handler_read_rnd} is big, then you have a probably a lot of queries
|
|
|
|
|
that requires @strong{MySQL} to scan whole tables or you have joins that doesn't use
|
|
|
|
|
keys properly.
|
|
|
|
|
If @code{Handler_read_rnd} is big, then you have a probably a lot of
|
|
|
|
|
queries that requires @strong{MySQL} to scan whole tables or you have
|
|
|
|
|
joins that doesn't use keys properly.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
If @code{Created_tmp_tables} or @code{Sort_merge_passes} are high then
|
|
|
|
|
your @code{mysqld} @code{sort_buffer} variables is probably too small.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{Created_tmp_files} doesn't count the files needed to handle temporary
|
|
|
|
|
tables.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node SHOW VARIABLES, SHOW PROCESSLIST, SHOW STATUS, SHOW
|
|
|
|
@ -22128,6 +22156,18 @@ SUM_OVER_ALL_KEYS(max_length_of_key + sizeof(char*) * 2)
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB, , HEAP, Table types
|
|
|
|
|
@section BDB or Berkeley_db tables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB overview::
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB install::
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB start::
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB characteristic::
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB TODO::
|
|
|
|
|
* BDB errors::
|
|
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB overview, BDB install, BDB, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection Overview over BDB tables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Berkeley DB (@uref{http://www.sleepycat.com}) has provided
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} with a transaction safe table handler. This will survive
|
|
|
|
|
crashes and also provides @code{COMMIT} and @code{ROLLBACK} on
|
|
|
|
@ -22138,6 +22178,9 @@ will need Berkeley DB 3.1.14 or newer which can be downloaded from
|
|
|
|
|
Sleepycat's download page at
|
|
|
|
|
@uref{http://www.sleepycat.com/download.html}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB install, BDB start, BDB overview, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection Installing BDB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To install Berkeley DB first uncompress the @code{BDB} distribution
|
|
|
|
|
and follow the instructions in the README provided in the distiribution
|
|
|
|
|
directory. Basically what you need to do is:
|
|
|
|
@ -22165,6 +22208,9 @@ Even if Berkeley DB is in itself very tested and reliably, the
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} interface is still very alpha, but we are actively
|
|
|
|
|
improving and optimizing it to get it this stable real soon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB start, BDB characteristic, BDB install, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection BDB startup options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you are running with @code{AUTOCOMMIT=0} then your changes in @code{BDB}
|
|
|
|
|
tables will not be updated until you execute @code{COMMIT}. Instead of commit
|
|
|
|
|
you can execute @code{ROLLBACK} to forget your changes. @xref{COMMIT}.
|
|
|
|
@ -22191,7 +22237,8 @@ Normally you should start mysqld with @code{--bdb-recover} if you intend
|
|
|
|
|
to use BDB tables. This may however give you problems when you try to
|
|
|
|
|
start mysqld if the BDB log files are corrupted. @xref{Starting server}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some characteristic of @code{BDB} tables:
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB characteristic, BDB TODO, BDB start, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection Some characteristic of @code{BDB} tables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
@ -22243,22 +22290,32 @@ to rotate and remove old logs when using @code{BDB} tables than using other tabl
|
|
|
|
|
types.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some things that we have to fix in the near future:
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB TODO, BDB errors, BDB characteristic, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection Some things we need to fix for BDB in the near future
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Remove the requirement that @code{BDB} tables must have a primary key. This
|
|
|
|
|
will be fixed by having an automatic hidden auto_increment column for
|
|
|
|
|
the tables without a primary key.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{LOCK TABLES} should work as for other @strong{MySQL} tables.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{ALTER TABLE} doesn't yet work.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{SHOW TABLE STATUS} doesn't yet provide that much information for BDB
|
|
|
|
|
tables.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Optimize performance.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node BDB errors, , BDB TODO, BDB
|
|
|
|
|
@subsection Errors you may get when using BDB tables
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If you are running in not @code{auto_commit} mode and delete a table you
|
|
|
|
|
are using you may get the following error messages in the @strong{MySQL}
|
|
|
|
|
error file:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@example
|
|
|
|
|
001119 23:43:56 bdb: Missing log fileid entry
|
|
|
|
|
001119 23:43:56 bdb: txn_abort: Log undo failed for LSN: 1 3644744: Invalid
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This is not fatal but we don't recommend you to delete tables you are
|
|
|
|
|
using in not @code{auto_commit} mode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex tutorial
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex terminal monitor, defined
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex monitor, terminal
|
|
|
|
@ -22402,7 +22459,7 @@ This query illustrates several things about @code{mysql}:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
A command normally consists of an SQL statement followed by a semicolon.
|
|
|
|
|
A command normally consists of a SQL statement followed by a semicolon.
|
|
|
|
|
(There are some exceptions where a semicolon is not needed. @code{QUIT},
|
|
|
|
|
mentioned earlier, is one of them. We'll get to others later.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -23942,7 +23999,7 @@ mysql> SELECT * FROM pet WHERE name REGEXP "[wW]";
|
|
|
|
|
Because a regular expression pattern matches if it occurs anywhere in the
|
|
|
|
|
value, it is not necessary in the previous query to put a wild card on either
|
|
|
|
|
side of the pattern to get it to match the entire value like it would be if
|
|
|
|
|
you used an SQL pattern.
|
|
|
|
|
you used a SQL pattern.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To find names containing exactly five characters, use @samp{^} and @samp{$}
|
|
|
|
|
to match the beginning and end of the name, and five instances of @samp{.}
|
|
|
|
@ -24669,7 +24726,7 @@ default character set in use to the client. The client will switch to
|
|
|
|
|
use this character set for this connection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One should use @code{mysql_real_escape_string()} when escaping strings
|
|
|
|
|
for an SQL query. @code{mysql_real_escape_string()} is identical to the
|
|
|
|
|
for a SQL query. @code{mysql_real_escape_string()} is identical to the
|
|
|
|
|
old @code{mysql_escape_string()} function, except that it takes the MYSQL
|
|
|
|
|
connection handle as the first parameter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -27508,7 +27565,7 @@ results. We would have used PHP or mod_perl instead but they were
|
|
|
|
|
not available at that time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For graphical data we wrote a simple tool in @code{C} that can produce
|
|
|
|
|
GIFs based on the result of an SQL query (with some processing of the
|
|
|
|
|
GIFs based on the result of a SQL query (with some processing of the
|
|
|
|
|
result). This is also dynamically executed from the Perl script that
|
|
|
|
|
parses the @code{HTML} files.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -27868,7 +27925,7 @@ If you have problems due to insufficient memory in the client, use the
|
|
|
|
|
retrieve the result set.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Using @code{mysql} is very easy; Just start it as follows
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mysql database} or @code{mysql --user=user_name --password=your_password database}. Type an SQL statement, end it with @samp{;}, @samp{\g} or @samp{\G}
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mysql database} or @code{mysql --user=user_name --password=your_password database}. Type a SQL statement, end it with @samp{;}, @samp{\g} or @samp{\G}
|
|
|
|
|
and press return/enter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex command line options
|
|
|
|
@ -27913,7 +27970,7 @@ Print the output of a query (rows) vertically. Without this option you
|
|
|
|
|
can also force this output by ending your statements with @code{\G}.
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex force option
|
|
|
|
|
@item -f, --force
|
|
|
|
|
Continue even if we get an SQL error.
|
|
|
|
|
Continue even if we get a SQL error.
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex no-named-commands option
|
|
|
|
|
@item -g, --no-named-commands
|
|
|
|
|
Named commands are disabled. Use \* form only, or use named commands
|
|
|
|
@ -28015,7 +28072,7 @@ ego (\G) Send command to mysql server; Display result vertically
|
|
|
|
|
print (\p) Print current command
|
|
|
|
|
quit (\q) Quit mysql
|
|
|
|
|
rehash (\#) Rebuild completion hash
|
|
|
|
|
source (\.) Execute an SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument
|
|
|
|
|
source (\.) Execute a SQL script file. Takes a file name as an argument
|
|
|
|
|
status (\s) Get status information from the server
|
|
|
|
|
use (\u) Use another database. Takes database name as argument
|
|
|
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@ -28216,7 +28273,7 @@ meaning as the corresponding clauses for @code{LOAD DATA INFILE}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item -F, --flush-logs
|
|
|
|
|
Flush log file in the @strong{MySQL} server before starting the dump.
|
|
|
|
|
@item -f, --force,
|
|
|
|
|
Continue even if we get an SQL error during a table dump.
|
|
|
|
|
Continue even if we get a SQL error during a table dump.
|
|
|
|
|
@item -h, --host=..
|
|
|
|
|
Dump data from the @strong{MySQL} server on the named host. The default host
|
|
|
|
|
is @code{localhost}.
|
|
|
|
@ -30038,7 +30095,7 @@ functions. Consult this file to see how UDF calling conventions work.
|
|
|
|
|
For each function that you want to use in SQL statements, you should define
|
|
|
|
|
corresponding C (or C++) functions. In the discussion below, the name
|
|
|
|
|
``xxx'' is used for an example function name. To distinquish between SQL and
|
|
|
|
|
C/C++ usage, @code{XXX()} (uppercase) indicates an SQL function call, and
|
|
|
|
|
C/C++ usage, @code{XXX()} (uppercase) indicates a SQL function call, and
|
|
|
|
|
@code{xxx()} (lowercase) indicates a C/C++ function call.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The C/C++ functions that you write to implement the inferface for
|
|
|
|
@ -30082,7 +30139,7 @@ The deinitialization function for @code{xxx()}. It should deallocate any
|
|
|
|
|
memory allocated by the initialization function.
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
When an SQL statement invokes @code{XXX()}, @strong{MySQL} calls the
|
|
|
|
|
When a SQL statement invokes @code{XXX()}, @strong{MySQL} calls the
|
|
|
|
|
initialization function @code{xxx_init()} to let it perform any required
|
|
|
|
|
setup, such as argument checking or memory allocation. If @code{xxx_init()}
|
|
|
|
|
returns an error, the SQL statement is aborted with an error message and the
|
|
|
|
@ -32659,7 +32716,7 @@ backup. To get a consistent backup, do a @code{LOCK TABLES} on the
|
|
|
|
|
relevant tables. @xref{LOCK TABLES, , @code{LOCK TABLES}}. You only need a
|
|
|
|
|
read lock; this allows other threads to continue to query the tables while
|
|
|
|
|
you are making a copy of the files in the database directory. If you want to
|
|
|
|
|
make an SQL level backup of a table, you can use @code{SELECT INTO OUTFILE}.
|
|
|
|
|
make a SQL level backup of a table, you can use @code{SELECT INTO OUTFILE}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Another way to backup a database is to use the @code{mysqldump} program:
|
|
|
|
|
@xref{mysqldump}.
|
|
|
|
@ -33231,11 +33288,11 @@ Returns the error number for the most recently invoked @strong{MySQL} function.
|
|
|
|
|
Returns the error message for the most recently invoked @strong{MySQL} function.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_real_escape_string()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement taking
|
|
|
|
|
Escapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement taking
|
|
|
|
|
into account the current charset of the connection.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_escape_string()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Escapes special characters in a string for use in an SQL statement.
|
|
|
|
|
Escapes special characters in a string for use in a SQL statement.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_fetch_field()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Returns the type of the next table field.
|
|
|
|
@ -33316,13 +33373,13 @@ Checks whether or not the connection to the server is working, reconnecting
|
|
|
|
|
as necessary.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_query()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Executes an SQL query specified as a null-terminated string.
|
|
|
|
|
Executes a SQL query specified as a null-terminated string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_real_connect()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Connects to a @strong{MySQL} server.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_real_query()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Executes an SQL query specified as a counted string.
|
|
|
|
|
Executes a SQL query specified as a counted string.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{mysql_reload()} @tab
|
|
|
|
|
Tells the server to reload the grant tables.
|
|
|
|
@ -33743,7 +33800,7 @@ None.
|
|
|
|
|
Creates the database named by the @code{db} parameter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use @code{mysql_query()}
|
|
|
|
|
to issue an SQL @code{CREATE DATABASE} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
to issue a SQL @code{CREATE DATABASE} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Return values
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -33836,7 +33893,7 @@ mysql_debug("d:t:O,/tmp/client.trace");
|
|
|
|
|
Drops the database named by the @code{db} parameter.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use @code{mysql_query()}
|
|
|
|
|
to issue an SQL @code{DROP DATABASE} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
to issue a SQL @code{DROP DATABASE} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Return values
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -34870,6 +34927,7 @@ The specified group in the option file may contain the following options:
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{debug} @tab Debug options.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{host} @tab Default host name.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{init-command} @tab Command to execute when connecting to @strong{MySQL} server. Will automatically be re-executed when reconnecting.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{interactive-timeout} @tab Same as specifying @code{CLIENT_INTERACTIVE} to @code{mysql_real_connect()}. @xref{mysql_real_connect}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{password} @tab Default password.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{pipe} @tab Use named pipes to connect to a @strong{MySQL} server on NT.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{port} @tab Default port number.
|
|
|
|
@ -35045,11 +35103,14 @@ of the following flags in very special circumstances:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .25 .7
|
|
|
|
|
@item @strong{Flag name} @tab @strong{Flag meaning}
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS} @tab Return the number of found (matched) rows, not the number of affected rows.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_NO_SCHEMA} @tab Don't allow the @code{db_name.tbl_name.col_name} syntax. This is for ODBC; It causes the parser to generate an error if you use that syntax, which is useful for trapping bugs in some ODBC programs.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_COMPRESS} @tab Use compression protocol.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_ODBC} @tab The client is an ODBC client. This changes
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mysqld} to be more ODBC-friendly.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_COMPRESS} @tab Use compression protocol.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS} @tab Return the number of found (matched) rows, not the number of affected rows.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE} $tab Allow spaces after function names. Makes all functions names reserved words.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_INTERACTIVE} @tab Allow @code{interactive_timeout} seconds (instead of @code{wait_timeout} seconds) of inactivity before closing the connection.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_NO_SCHEMA} @tab Don't allow the @code{db_name.tbl_name.col_name} syntax. This is for ODBC; It causes the parser to generate an error if you use that syntax, which is useful for trapping bugs in some ODBC programs.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_ODBC} @tab The client is an ODBC client. This changes
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{CLIENT_SSL} @tab Use SSL (encrypted protocol).
|
|
|
|
|
@end multitable
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -35137,7 +35198,7 @@ try reconnecting to the server before giving up.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Encodes the string in @code{from} to an escaped SQL string, taking into
|
|
|
|
|
account the current charset of the connection, that can be sent to the
|
|
|
|
|
server in an SQL statement, places the result in @code{to}, and adds a
|
|
|
|
|
server in a SQL statement, places the result in @code{to}, and adds a
|
|
|
|
|
terminating null byte. Characters encoded are @code{NUL} (ASCII 0),
|
|
|
|
|
@samp{\n}, @samp{\r}, @samp{\}, @samp{'}, @samp{"} and Control-Z
|
|
|
|
|
(@pxref{Literals}).
|
|
|
|
@ -35236,7 +35297,7 @@ Asks the @strong{MySQL} server to reload the grant tables. The
|
|
|
|
|
connected user must have the @strong{reload} privilege.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This function is deprecated. It is preferable to use @code{mysql_query()}
|
|
|
|
|
to issue an SQL @code{FLUSH PRIVILEGES} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
to issue a SQL @code{FLUSH PRIVILEGES} statement instead.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@subsubheading Return values
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -35806,9 +35867,9 @@ Installation instructions for @strong{MySQL} Perl support are given in
|
|
|
|
|
@multitable @columnfractions .3 .7
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{connect} @tab Establishes a connection to a database server.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{disconnect} @tab Disconnects from the database server.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{prepare} @tab Prepares an SQL statement for execution.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{prepare} @tab Prepares a SQL statement for execution.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{execute} @tab Executes prepared statements.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{do} @tab Prepares and executes an SQL statement.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{do} @tab Prepares and executes a SQL statement.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{quote} @tab Quotes string or @code{BLOB} values to be inserted.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{fetchrow_array} @tab Fetches the next row as an array of fields.
|
|
|
|
|
@item @code{fetchrow_arrayref} @tab Fetches next row as a reference array of fields.
|
|
|
|
@ -35941,7 +36002,7 @@ $rc = $dbh->disconnect;
|
|
|
|
|
@findex DBI->prepare()
|
|
|
|
|
@findex prepare() DBI method
|
|
|
|
|
@item prepare($statement)
|
|
|
|
|
Prepares an SQL statement for execution by the database engine
|
|
|
|
|
Prepares a SQL statement for execution by the database engine
|
|
|
|
|
and returns a statement handle @code{($sth)} which you can use to invoke
|
|
|
|
|
the @code{execute} method.
|
|
|
|
|
Typically you handle @code{SELECT} statements (and @code{SELECT}-like statements
|
|
|
|
@ -35972,7 +36033,7 @@ $rv = $sth->execute
|
|
|
|
|
@findex DBI->do()
|
|
|
|
|
@findex do() DBI method
|
|
|
|
|
@item do($statement)
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{do} method prepares and executes an SQL statement and returns the
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{do} method prepares and executes a SQL statement and returns the
|
|
|
|
|
number of rows affected. If no rows are affected, @code{do} returns
|
|
|
|
|
@code{"0E0"}, which Perl treats as zero but regards as true. This method is
|
|
|
|
|
generally used for non-@code{SELECT} statements which cannot be prepared in
|
|
|
|
@ -37867,15 +37928,15 @@ and "post-processing" on both fields, records and operations.
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/mod_mysql_include_1.0.tar.gz, mod_mysql_include_1.0.tar.gz}
|
|
|
|
|
Apache module to include HTML from MySQL queries into your pages, and run update queries.
|
|
|
|
|
Originally written to implement a simple fast low-overhead banner-rotation system.
|
|
|
|
|
By Sasha Pachev.
|
|
|
|
|
Apache module to include HTML from MySQL queries into your pages, and
|
|
|
|
|
run update queries. Originally written to implement a simple fast
|
|
|
|
|
low-overhead banner-rotation system. By Sasha Pachev.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.odbsoft.com/cook/sources.htm}
|
|
|
|
|
This package has various functions for generating html code from an SQL
|
|
|
|
|
This package has various functions for generating html code from a SQL
|
|
|
|
|
table structure and for generating SQL statements (Select, Insert,
|
|
|
|
|
Update, Delete) from an html form. You can build a complete forms
|
|
|
|
|
interface to an SQL database (query, add, update, delete) without any
|
|
|
|
|
interface to a SQL database (query, add, update, delete) without any
|
|
|
|
|
programming! By Marc Beneteau, @email{marc@@odbsoft.com}.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/sqlhtml.tar.gz, sqlhtml.tar.gz}
|
|
|
|
@ -38050,7 +38111,7 @@ By Steve Shreeve.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item @uref{http://www.mysql.com/Downloads/Contrib/emacs-sql-mode.tar.gz, emacs-sql-mode.tar.gz}
|
|
|
|
|
Raw port of an SQL mode for XEmacs. Supports completion. Original by
|
|
|
|
|
Raw port of a SQL mode for XEmacs. Supports completion. Original by
|
|
|
|
|
Peter D. Pezaris @email{pez@@atlantic2.sbi.com} and partial
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} port by David Axmark.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -38186,26 +38247,35 @@ interested in.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@page
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex contributors, list of
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex credits
|
|
|
|
|
@node Credits, News, Contrib, Top
|
|
|
|
|
@appendix Contributors to MySQL
|
|
|
|
|
@appendix Credits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contributors to the @strong{MySQL} distribution are listed below, in
|
|
|
|
|
somewhat random order:
|
|
|
|
|
The following persons have helped us make MySQL what it's today
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex developers, list of
|
|
|
|
|
@menu
|
|
|
|
|
* developers::
|
|
|
|
|
* Contributors::
|
|
|
|
|
@end menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node developers, Contributors, Credits, Credits
|
|
|
|
|
@appendixsubsec Delevopers at MySQL AB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developers that are or has been employed by MySQL AB to work on MySQL.
|
|
|
|
|
(In about the order they started to work with us)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
|
@item Michael (Monty) Widenius
|
|
|
|
|
Has written the following parts of @strong{MySQL}:
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
All the main code in @code{mysqld}.
|
|
|
|
|
Most the main code in @code{mysqld}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
New functions for the string library.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Most of the @code{mysys} library.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{ISAM} and @code{MyISAM} libraries (B-tree index file
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{ISAM},@code{MyISAM} and @code{MERGE} libraries (B-tree index file
|
|
|
|
|
handlers with index compression and different record formats).
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
The @code{HEAP} library. A memory table system with our superior full dynamic
|
|
|
|
@ -38221,24 +38291,23 @@ also Unireg, a curses-based application tool with many utilities.
|
|
|
|
|
Porting of @code{mSQL} tools like @code{msqlperl}, @code{DBD}/@code{DBI} and
|
|
|
|
|
@code{DB2mysql}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Most parts of crash-me and the @strong{MySQL} benchmarks.
|
|
|
|
|
Most parts of crash-me and the foundation for the @strong{MySQL} benchmarks.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item David Axmark
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Coordinator and main writer for the @strong{Reference Manual}, including
|
|
|
|
|
enhancements to @code{texi2html}. Also automatic website updating from
|
|
|
|
|
this manual.
|
|
|
|
|
Coordinator and intial main writer for the @strong{Reference Manual},
|
|
|
|
|
including enhancements to @code{texi2html}. Also automatic website
|
|
|
|
|
updating from this manual.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Autoconf, Automake and @code{libtool} support.
|
|
|
|
|
Inital Autoconf, Automake and @code{libtool} support.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
The licensing stuff.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Parts of all the text files. (Nowadays only the @file{README} is
|
|
|
|
|
left. The rest ended up in the manual.)
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Our Mail master.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Lots of testing of new features.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Our in-house ``free'' software lawyer.
|
|
|
|
@ -38251,6 +38320,125 @@ only some parts of @code{mysys} are left.
|
|
|
|
|
Someone for Monty to call in the middle of the night when he just got
|
|
|
|
|
that new feature to work. :-)
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Jani Tolonen
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mysqlimport}
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
A lot of extensions to the @code{mysql} client.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{procedure analyse}
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Sinisa Milivojevic
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Compression (with @code{zlib}) to the client/server protocol.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Perfect hashing for the lexical analyzer phase.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
The MySQLGUI client.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Maintainer of mysql++.
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@end itemize
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@item Tõnu Samual
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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|
Our security expert.
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@item
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Vio interface (foundation for the the encrypted client/server protocol).
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@item
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@code{RAID} support for @code{MyISAM} tables.
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@end itemize
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@item Sasha Pachev
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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Replication.
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@item
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@code{SHOW TABLE CREATE}.
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@item
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|
mod_mysql_include
|
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@item
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cgi++
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@item
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|
mysql-bench
|
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|
@end itemize
|
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@item Matt Wagner
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@itemize @bullet
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@item
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@strong{MySQL} test suite
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@item
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Our web master.
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@end itemize
|
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@item Miguel Solórzano
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@itemize @bullet
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|
Winmysqladmin
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|
@end itemize
|
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@item Timothy Smith
|
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|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
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@item
|
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|
|
Dynamic character support.
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|
@item
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|
|
Responsible for @strong{MySQL} configure.
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|
|
@end itemize
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
@item Sergei A. Golubchick
|
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|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
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|
|
@item
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|
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|
|
Text search
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
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|
|
Added keys to the @code{MERGE} library.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Jeremy Cole
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Proofreading and editing this fine manual.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{ALTER TABLE ... ORDER BY}
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item John Dean
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
The new @strong{MySQL} GUI client.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@item Indrek Sitan
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
Desinger/programmer of our web interface.
|
|
|
|
|
@end itemize
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following non developers are also working in/with MySQL AB
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Hans Kierkegaard ; Resonsible for MySQL license handling.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Antti Halonen ; Sales manager
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Jonas Norrman ; Handles licensing questions sent to @email{info@@mysql.com}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Erik Granberg ; Handles MySQL partners (and a lot of other stuff)
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Allan Larsson (The BOSS for TCX DataKonsult AB).
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@cindex contributors, list of
|
|
|
|
|
@node Contributors, , developers, Credits
|
|
|
|
|
@appendixsubsec Contributors to MySQL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contributors to the @strong{MySQL} distribution are listed below, in
|
|
|
|
|
somewhat random order:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@table @asis
|
|
|
|
|
@item Paul DuBois
|
|
|
|
|
Help with making the Reference Manual correct and understandable. That
|
|
|
|
|
includes rewriting Monty's and David's attempts at English into English
|
|
|
|
@ -38260,10 +38448,6 @@ The initial port to Win32/NT.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Kim Aldale
|
|
|
|
|
Helped to rewrite Monty's and David's early attempts at English into
|
|
|
|
|
English.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Allan Larsson (The BOSS for TCX DataKonsult AB)
|
|
|
|
|
For all the time he has allowed Monty to spend on this ``maybe useful''
|
|
|
|
|
tool (@strong{MySQL}). Dedicated user (and bug finder) of Unireg &
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Per Eric Olsson
|
|
|
|
|
For more or less constructive criticism and real testing of the dynamic
|
|
|
|
|
record format.
|
|
|
|
@ -38273,7 +38457,7 @@ Win32 port with Borland compiler. @code{mysqlshutdown.exe} and
|
|
|
|
|
@item David J. Hughes
|
|
|
|
|
For the effort to make a shareware SQL database. We at TcX started with
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mSQL}, but found that it couldn't satisfy our purposes so instead we
|
|
|
|
|
wrote an SQL interface to our application builder Unireg. @code{mysqladmin}
|
|
|
|
|
wrote a SQL interface to our application builder Unireg. @code{mysqladmin}
|
|
|
|
|
and @code{mysql} are programs that were largely influenced by their
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mSQL} counterparts. We have put a lot of effort into making the
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} syntax a superset of @code{mSQL}. Many of the APIs ideas are
|
|
|
|
@ -38308,6 +38492,8 @@ incredible help we got in managing the @strong{MySQL} mailing lists.
|
|
|
|
|
Monty).
|
|
|
|
|
@item Tim Bunce, Alligator Descartes
|
|
|
|
|
For the @code{DBD} (Perl) interface.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Tim Bunce
|
|
|
|
|
Author of @code{mysqlhotcopy}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Andreas Koenig @email{a.koenig@@mind.de}
|
|
|
|
|
For the Perl interface to @strong{MySQL}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Eugene Chan @email{eugene@@acenet.com.sg}
|
|
|
|
@ -38409,19 +38595,15 @@ The @file{libmysql.dll} library.
|
|
|
|
|
Mysqlmanager, a Win32 GUI tool for administrating @strong{MySQL}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Curt Sampson @email{cjs@@portal.ca}
|
|
|
|
|
Porting of MIT-pthreads to NetBSD/Alpha and NetBSD 1.3/i386.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Sinisa Milivojevic @email{sinisa@@coresinc.com}
|
|
|
|
|
Compression (with @code{zlib}) to the client/server protocol.
|
|
|
|
|
Perfect hashing for the lexical analyzer phase.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Antony T. Curtis @email{antony.curtis@@olcs.net}
|
|
|
|
|
Porting of @strong{MySQL} to OS/2.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Martin Ramsch @email{m.ramsch@@computer.org}
|
|
|
|
|
Examples in the @strong{MySQL} Tutorial.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Tim Bunce
|
|
|
|
|
Author of @code{mysqlhotcopy}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Steve Harvey
|
|
|
|
|
For making @code{mysqlaccess} more secure.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Jeremy Cole @email{jeremy@@spaceapes.com}
|
|
|
|
|
Proofreading and editing this fine manual.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Konark IA-64 Centre of Persistent Systems Private Limited
|
|
|
|
|
@uref{http://www.pspl.co.in/konark/}. Help with the Win64 port of the
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} server.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Valueclick Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
For sponsoring the optimize section in this manual.
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
@ -38470,9 +38652,6 @@ Simple billing/license/support/copyright issues.
|
|
|
|
|
ODBC and VisualC++ interface questions.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Randy Harmon @email{rjharmon@@uptimecomputers.com}
|
|
|
|
|
@code{DBD}, Linux, some SQL syntax questions.
|
|
|
|
|
@item Konark IA-64 Centre of Persistent Systems Private Limited
|
|
|
|
|
@uref{http://www.pspl.co.in/konark/}. Help with the Win64 port of the
|
|
|
|
|
@strong{MySQL} server.
|
|
|
|
|
@end table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@node News, Bugs, Credits, Top
|
|
|
|
@ -38544,6 +38723,20 @@ though, so Version 3.23 is not released as a stable version yet.
|
|
|
|
|
@appendixsubsec Changes in release 3.23.28
|
|
|
|
|
@itemize @bullet
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
One can now specify @code{interactive-timeout} in the option file that
|
|
|
|
|
is read by @code{mysql_options()}. This makes it possible to force
|
|
|
|
|
programs that runs for a long time (like @code{mysqlhotcopy}) to use
|
|
|
|
|
@code{interactive_timeout} instead of @code{wait_timeout}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
We now always print when the query was made and who made it in the 'slow
|
|
|
|
|
query log'. If you are using @code{--log-long-format} then also queries
|
|
|
|
|
that are not using indexes are printed.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed problem in @code{LEFT JOIN} which caused all columns in reference
|
|
|
|
|
table to be NULL.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed problem when using @code{NATURAL JOIN} without keys.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed bug when using a multi-part keys where the first part was of type
|
|
|
|
|
@code{TEXT} or @code{BLOB}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
@ -38574,9 +38767,12 @@ Fixed fatal bug in @code{CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE ...SELECT ...}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed problem with @code{CREATE TABLE .. SELECT NULL}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Added status variables @code{large_file_support},@code{net_read_timeout},
|
|
|
|
|
Added variables @code{large_file_support},@code{net_read_timeout},
|
|
|
|
|
@code{net_write_timeout} and @code{query_buffer_size} to @code{SHOW VARIABLES}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Added status variables @code{created_tmp_files} and @code{sort_merge_passes}
|
|
|
|
|
to @code{SHOW STATUS}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed bug where we didn't allow an index name after the
|
|
|
|
|
@code{FOREIGN KEY} definition.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
@ -41654,7 +41850,7 @@ New portable benchmark suite with @code{DBD}, with test results from
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mSQL} 2.0.3, @strong{MySQL}, PostgreSQL 6.2.1 and Solid server 2.2.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
@code{crash-me} is now included with the benchmarks; This is a Perl program
|
|
|
|
|
designed to find as many limits as possible in an SQL server. Tested with
|
|
|
|
|
designed to find as many limits as possible in a SQL server. Tested with
|
|
|
|
|
@code{mSQL}, PostgreSQL, Solid and @strong{MySQL}.
|
|
|
|
|
@item
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed bug in range-optimizer that crashed @strong{MySQL} on some queries.
|
|
|
|
@ -42920,7 +43116,7 @@ Because @strong{MySQL} allows you to work with table types that doesn't
|
|
|
|
|
support transactions (and thus can't @code{rollback} data) some things
|
|
|
|
|
behaves a little different in @strong{MySQL} than in other SQL servers:
|
|
|
|
|
(This is just to ensure that @strong{MySQL} never need to do a rollback
|
|
|
|
|
for an SQL command). This may be a little akward at times as column
|
|
|
|
|
for a SQL command). This may be a little akward at times as column
|
|
|
|
|
values must be checked in the application, but this will actually give
|
|
|
|
|
you a nice speed increase as it allows @strong{MySQL} to do some
|
|
|
|
|
optimizations that otherwice would be very hard to do.
|
|
|
|
|